![]() Aromatic hydrocarbons ranging from the single benzene ring to the high-molecular-weight polycyclics are generally degraded via one or more of three independent enzymatic systems. Unsaturated alkenes and alkynes, as well as alicyclics, are more recalcitrant to fungal degradation and are often converted to partly oxidized metabolites. Alkanes and alkylbenzenes are generally metabolized as the sole source of carbon and energy via specialized metabolic pathways that start with the substrate oxidation through cytochrome P450 monoxygenases. ![]() There is a very wide fungal biodiversity with diverse enzymatic mechanisms that transform different hydrocarbon chemical structures, from short chain aliphatics to heavy weight polycyclic aromatics. ![]() The present chapter reviews and discusses recent advances in the ecophysiology, phylogeny, and biotechnological applications of fungi with respect to their ability to degrade hydrocarbons.
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